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Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason(R). Assertion (A): In an insulated container, a gas is adiabatically shrunk to half of its initial volume. The temperature of the gas decreases. Reason (R): Free expansion of an ideal gas is an irreversible and an adiabatic process. In the light of the above statement, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

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Given below are two statements: Statement I: Chlorine can easily combine with oxygen to form oxides; and the product has a tendency to explode. Statement II: Chemical reactivity of an element can be determined by its reaction with oxygen and halogens. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

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A metal wire of uniform mass density having length L and mass M is bent to form a semicircular arc and a particle of mass m is placed at the centre of the arc. The gravitational force on the particle by the wire is: [Diagram: Semicircular arc with mass m at center]

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